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Updated: Jan 9, 2026

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Probiotic Supplementation Can Alter Inflammation Parameters and Self-Reported Sleep After a Marathon: A Randomized,

Valdir Aquino-Lemos1, Geovana S F Leite2, Edgar T Silva3

  • 1Department of Bioscience, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos 11015-020, SP, Brazil.

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Summary

Probiotic supplementation with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis improved sleep quality and reduced daytime sleepiness in marathon runners post-race. This intervention also helped lower lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, indicating a potential anti-inflammatory effect.

Keywords:
gut–brain axismarathonprobioticssleepsleepinessstrenuous physical exercise

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Sleep is crucial for athletic recovery and performance.
  • Intense exercise, like marathon running, can negatively impact sleep and increase inflammation.
  • Probiotics may offer a way to mitigate these exercise-induced effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of probiotic supplementation on sleep quality and inflammatory markers in marathon runners.
  • To assess changes in daytime sleepiness, sleep efficiency, and specific inflammatory markers (cytokines, LPS) after a marathon.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving 27 male marathon runners.
  • Supplementation with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis (Probiotic group) or maltodextrin (Placebo group) for 30 days.
  • Assessment of sleep parameters and inflammatory profiles before and at 1h and 24h after the marathon.

Main Results:

  • The Probiotic group reported better sleep quality and less daytime sleepiness 24 hours post-marathon compared to the Placebo group.
  • Total sleep time and sleep efficiency were higher in the Probiotic group post-marathon.
  • While both groups showed reduced IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, only the Probiotic group demonstrated a significant reduction in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • Supplementation with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis for 30 days positively influences self-reported sleep in marathon runners.
  • Probiotic intake appears to reduce post-marathon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, suggesting a role in managing exercise-induced inflammation.