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A Compact Trowel-Shaped Antenna for Next-Generation 6G Wireless Communication Systems.

Permanand Soothar^1,2, Hao Wang¹, Zaheer Ahmed Dayo³

¹School of Electronic Engineering & Optoelectronic Technology, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 910024, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|December 11, 2025

Summary

A novel trowel-shaped planar antenna (TSPA) achieves ultra-wideband performance for 6G wireless systems. This high-gain, high-efficiency antenna operates from 15 GHz to 54 GHz, offering a significant advancement in antenna technology.

Keywords:

6G compact high-performance next generation trowel-shaped antenna wideband wireless communication systems

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Area of Science:

Electrical Engineering
Electromagnetics
Antenna Theory

Background:

Next-generation wireless communication systems, such as 6G, require antennas with enhanced bandwidth, gain, and efficiency.
Existing antenna designs often face limitations in achieving these performance metrics simultaneously over a wide frequency range.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and evaluate a novel trowel-shaped planar antenna (TSPA) for high-performance wireless communication applications.
To demonstrate the TSPA's capability to achieve wideband impedance bandwidth, high gain, and excellent radiation efficiency.

Main Methods:

The TSPA utilizes a trowel-shaped radiator, a triangular tapered feed line, and a partial ground plane for optimized performance.
The antenna was fabricated on a Rogers RT/Duroid RO5880 substrate for a balance of cost and performance.
Simulations and experimental measurements were conducted to validate the antenna's characteristics.

Main Results:

The TSPA achieved a wide impedance bandwidth from 15 GHz to 54 GHz (113.05% fractional bandwidth) at S₁₁ ≤ -10 dB.
A peak gain of 9.67 dBi at 51.8 GHz and radiation efficiency exceeding 92% were recorded.
Stable radiation patterns and strong current intensity at multiple resonances were observed, confirming efficient far-field radiation.

Conclusions:

The designed TSPA offers superior wideband performance compared to existing structures.
Its compact electrical dimensions and high performance make it a promising candidate for 6G wireless communication systems.
The excellent agreement between simulation and measurement validates the antenna's reliability and efficiency.