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Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

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Crosstalk Effects in a Dual ToF-Based Tactile-Proximity Sensing Platform Integrated in a Flat PMMA Light Guide.

Andrejs Ogurcovs¹, Ilze Aulika¹, Sergio Cartiel²

¹Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga Street 8, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|December 11, 2025

Summary

This study explores crosstalk in a dual-mode tactile and proximity sensor using Time-of-Flight (ToF) technology. Results show simultaneous sensing is possible but interference occurs when sensor fields overlap within the transparent waveguide.

Keywords:

OptoSkin TMF8828 ToF sensor acrylic glass distance measurements optical transduction proximity sensor interference tactile sensing

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Area of Science:

Optoelectronics
Robotics
Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

Integrating tactile and proximity sensing enhances robotic and wearable interfaces.
Transparent waveguides offer a platform for compact, multi-modal sensing systems.
Time-of-Flight (ToF) technology enables distance measurement crucial for proximity and touch detection.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate crosstalk effects in a dual-modality tactile-proximity sensing system.
To evaluate the performance of Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensors within a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) light guide.
To understand the limitations and opportunities of multi-sensor integration in transparent waveguides.

Main Methods:

Utilized two TMF8828 multi-zone ToF sensors within a PMMA light guide.
Configured one sensor for tactile detection (frustrated total internal reflection) and another for proximity detection.
Conducted controlled experiments with silicone pads and diffuse targets, quantifying signal degradation with a movable PMMA sheet.

Main Results:

The TMF8828 sensors successfully resolved both contact-induced scattering and distant reflections simultaneously.
Localized interference zones were observed when sensor fields of view overlapped within the PMMA substrate.
Histogram analysis provided insights into multi-path contributions, aiding diagnostics.

Conclusions:

Dual-modality ToF sensing in transparent waveguides presents both opportunities and challenges.
Sensor field-of-view overlap within the waveguide can lead to interference.
Findings inform the design of advanced robotic skins, wearable interfaces, and human-machine interaction systems.