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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators

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Published on: May 21, 2016

Coherent-Phase Optical Time Domain Reflectometry for Monitoring High-Temperature Superconducting Magnet Systems.

Matthew Leoschke¹, William Lo¹, Victor Yartsev²

¹Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 205 Hallowell Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|December 11, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a fiber optic sensing technique to monitor high-temperature superconducting magnets in fusion reactors. It effectively detects thermal anomalies, crucial for preventing damaging quenches in these complex systems.

Keywords:

Rayleigh scattering distributed temperature sensing fusion high-temperature superconductors optical fibers quench detection

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The Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance Technique for Thermal Property Measurements

The Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance Technique for Thermal Property Measurements

Published on: December 5, 2025

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Superconductivity
Fusion Energy Engineering

Background:

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets in fusion reactors face monitoring challenges due to time-dependent coils, inductive voltages, and radiation-induced defects.
These factors can lead to non-uniform critical current, manufacturing defects, and potential quench initiation, posing a risk of permanent magnet damage.
HTS magnets exhibit localized normal zones due to lower propagation velocity, increasing vulnerability compared to low-temperature superconductors.

Purpose of the Study:

To present and validate a fiber optic interrogation technique for monitoring HTS magnet systems, particularly for magnetic confinement fusion.
To address the need for reliable monitoring systems that can detect incipient quench events and prevent magnet damage.
To demonstrate the suitability of fiber optic sensors in the harsh electromagnetic environments of fusion reactors.

Main Methods:

Utilized coherent-phase optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) for high-sampling-rate (tens of kHz) data acquisition.
Employed fiber optic sensors, which are immune to electromagnetic interference, unlike traditional voltage-based sensors.
Embedded fibers within HTS magnet coils for in-situ monitoring.

Main Results:

Successfully detected localized thermal transients at cryogenic temperatures as low as 6 K.
Validated the technique using fibers embedded in HTS magnet coils at 77 K.
Demonstrated the capability of coherent-phase OTDR to achieve necessary sampling rates for rapid quench detection over long distances.

Conclusions:

The presented fiber optic interrogation technique is effective for monitoring HTS magnet systems in fusion applications.
Coherent-phase OTDR offers a viable solution for rapid detection and mitigation of quench events in demanding environments.
This technology holds significant potential for ensuring the reliability and safety of future fusion reactors.