A Review of Video-Based Monitoring Systems for Geohazard Early Warning

In recent years, video-based monitoring systems have been widely adopted across multiple domains and have become particularly vital in geohazard monitoring and early warning. These systems overcome the inherent limitations of conventional monitoring techniques by enabling real-time, non-contact, and intuitive visual observation of geologically hazardous sites. With the integration of machine learning and other advanced analytical methods, video-based systems can process and interpret image data in real time, thereby supporting rapid detection and timely early warning of potential geohazards. This substantially improves both the efficiency and accuracy of monitoring efforts. Drawing on domestic and international research, this article provides a comprehensive review of video-based monitoring technologies, machine learning-driven video image processing, and multi-source data fusion approaches. It systematically summarizes their underlying technical principles and applications in geohazard monitoring and early warning, and offers an in-depth analysis of their practical advantages and future development trends. This review aims to serve as a valuable reference for advancing research and innovation in this field.