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Lightweight and Compact Pulse Radar for UAV Platforms for Mid-Air Collision Avoidance.

Dawid Sysak1, Arkadiusz Byndas1, Tomasz Karas1

  • 1Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystems, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.

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Summary

A new lightweight pulse radar collision avoidance system (CAS) for medium Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) offers 1-3 km detection range. This system enhances situational awareness and operational endurance for Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) flights.

Keywords:
BVLOSSense and AvoidUAV navigationairborne pulse radarcollision avoidanceobstacle sensing

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Area of Science:

  • Aerospace Engineering
  • Sensor Technology
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) utilize various sensors like cameras, FMCW radars, LiDAR, and ultrasonic sensors for situational awareness.
  • Optical sensors face limitations in adverse weather and darkness. Compact FMCW radars have insufficient detection range (few hundred meters) for high-speed UAVs, especially for Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) operations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel Collision Avoidance System (CAS) utilizing a lightweight pulse radar for medium UAV platforms (10-300 kg MTOM).
  • To address the limited standoff detection distances of conventional sensors by enabling obstacle detection at ranges of 1-3 km.
  • To leverage the operational advantages of pulse radar, including reduced electromagnetic footprint, enhanced robustness against interference, and lower power consumption.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a lightweight pulse radar system specifically designed for medium UAVs where large radar installations are impractical.
  • Integration of the pulse radar system onto medium UAV platforms for field testing and performance evaluation.
  • Validation of detection capabilities against visually identified objects at ranges from 1-3 km.

Main Results:

  • The pulse radar system achieved obstacle detection at ranges of 1-3 km, significantly improving standoff distance compared to existing compact sensors.
  • Field tests confirmed a one-to-one correspondence between visual object identification and radar detections with a Probability of False Alarm (PFA) of 1.5%.
  • The system demonstrated a range resolution of 3.75 m and maintained an average power consumption below 80 W, with operational advantages like reduced electromagnetic interference and enhanced endurance.

Conclusions:

  • The lightweight pulse radar CAS effectively enhances situational awareness and safety for medium UAVs operating at extended ranges.
  • The system's performance validates its capability to provide adequate standoff for maneuvering time, crucial for BVLOS operations.
  • Pulse radar architecture offers significant advantages in terms of electromagnetic compatibility, robustness, and power efficiency, contributing to improved UAV operational capabilities.