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Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident

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Snail Shell-Reinforced Waste-Based Polymer Composites for Radiation Shielding and Anti-Reflective Applications.

Mustafa Ersin Pekdemir¹, Sibel Selçuk Pekdemir¹, Demet Yılmaz²

¹Polymer and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Firat University, 23119 Elazığ, Türkiye.

|December 11, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores using powdered snail shells (SSP) in polyvinyl chloride/polystyrene (PVC/PSt) composites for radiation shielding. Higher SSP content improved X-ray shielding, while lower content enhanced optical properties and neutron absorption.

Keywords:

anti-reflective materials polystyrene blend polyvinyl chloride (PVC)radiation shielding composites snail shell powder waste-derived filler

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Polymer Composites
Radiation Shielding

Background:

Growing need for sustainable, multifunctional materials in radiation shielding and optical applications.
Challenge in achieving effective eco-friendly radiation attenuation using natural fillers.
Polymer composites offer a versatile matrix for incorporating novel reinforcements.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the potential of powdered snail shell (SSP) as a biogenic additive in PVC/PSt composites.
To enhance the X-ray and neutron shielding properties of the composites.
To evaluate the impact of SSP on the optical performance of the polymer blend.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of PVC/PSt composites with varying SSP content (5%, 10%, 20%, 30% w/v).
Characterization of X-ray attenuation using a variable-energy X-ray source and ULEGe detector (measuring LAC, MAC, MFP, HVL, Zeff).
Assessment of fast neutron shielding performance and theoretical calculations for build-up factor and macroscopic neutron cross-sections.

Main Results:

X-ray attenuation increased with higher SSP content, with SSP30 showing the highest efficiency.
Neutron shielding performance decreased with increasing SSP content due to high oxygen content.
SSP5 composite demonstrated enhanced optical reflectance (12% improvement) and neutron absorption.
Increased optical reflectance in SSP5 suggests improved photon backscattering, contributing to gamma shielding.

Conclusions:

Powdered snail shell is a viable, low-cost, sustainable filler for enhancing radiation shielding and optical properties in polymer composites.
Optimizing SSP content allows for tailored multifunctional materials; higher content for X-ray shielding, lower for optical and neutron absorption.
These findings support the use of waste-derived materials in developing advanced polymer composites for diverse applications.