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Single-Cell Omics in Legumes: Research Trends and Applications.

Yaohua Li1, Md Sabbir Hossain1, Marc Libault1

  • 1Division of Plant Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Plant Group and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Single-cell omics reveal how legume genes in specific cell types drive development and symbiosis. This approach advances understanding for improved crop traits and sustainable agriculture.

Keywords:
cell identity and regulatory networkscomparative cell atlaslegume cropsnitrogen fixationsingle-cell transcriptomicssynthetic biologytranslational breeding

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Genomics
  • Sustainable Agriculture

Background:

  • Legumes are vital food crops and crucial for sustainable agriculture due to nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with rhizobia.
  • Advances in single-cell transcriptomics and epigenomics offer high-resolution insights into gene expression and regulatory networks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent progress in applying single-cell omics to legumes.
  • To highlight the role of cell-type-specific gene functions in plant development, stress responses, and symbiosis establishment.
  • To illustrate the transition from bulk to single-cell multi-omics using legume case studies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on single-cell omics in legumes.
  • Analysis of gene expression and regulatory networks at the single-cell level.
  • Case studies in *Medicago truncatula*, *Lotus japonicus*, *Glycine max*, and *Arachis hypogaea*.

Main Results:

  • Single-cell omics enable detailed analysis of gene function in distinct legume cell types.
  • These methods illuminate contributions to plant development, pathogen response, stress plasticity, and root nodule symbiosis.
  • The shift to single-cell multi-omics provides a more nuanced understanding compared to bulk analyses.

Conclusions:

  • Single-cell omics are transforming legume research, offering unprecedented resolution.
  • Integrated legume cell atlases are essential for future translational research and crop improvement.
  • Further development is needed to overcome current limitations and fully realize the potential of these technologies.