Influence of Nutritional Strategies on Performance, Gut Barrier Function and Microbiota Composition in Weaned Piglets

Area of Science:

• Animal Science
• Gut Microbiome Research
• Nutritional Immunology

Background:

• Antibiotic and zinc oxide restrictions in piglet diets pose challenges for gut health and post-weaning performance.
• Developing effective alternatives is crucial for sustainable pig production.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the impact of organic acids and Clostridium butyricum supplementation on intestinal integrity, gut microbiota, and performance in weaned piglets.
• To assess the potential of this dietary strategy as an alternative to medicated feeds.

Main Methods:

• Forty weaned piglets were divided into control and supplemented groups (organic acids + Clostridium butyricum).
• Intestinal integrity markers (tight junction proteins) and immune response genes (IFN-γ, TGF-β) were analyzed via PCR.
• Fecal microbiota composition was assessed using bacterial DNA quantification.
• Performance parameters including average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality were recorded.

Main Results:

• Supplementation did not significantly alter tight junction protein expression but reduced inflammatory markers (IFN-γ, TGF-β), indicating improved immune modulation.
• Piglets receiving the supplemented diet exhibited higher ADG and lower mortality rates compared to the control group.
• Microbiota analysis revealed shifts in bacterial populations, suggesting a healthier gut environment.

Conclusions:

• Dietary supplementation with organic acids and Clostridium butyricum effectively enhances gut health and performance in weaned piglets.
• This approach offers a viable, non-medicated alternative to support piglet growth and welfare.
• Further research is warranted to optimize these strategies for large-scale sustainable pig farming.