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The Third Month's Development Predicts the Side and Oblique Sit and Walking
Ewa Gajewska1, Joanna Surowińska1, Michał Michalak2
1Department of Developmental Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|December 11, 2025
Summary
Early motor development assessments at three months predict sitting and walking milestones. Distal upper limb function is crucial for achieving these developmental achievements.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric developmental neuroscience
- Infant motor development research
Background:
- Infant motor development follows an endogenous pattern until three months.
- This period is optimal for assessing motor milestones and individual motor elements.
- Early assessment aids in understanding developmental trajectories.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify early motor predictors of sitting and walking.
- To determine the influence of third-month and fourth-to-fifth-month motor skills on later milestones.
- To analyze the relationship between specific motor elements and the achievement of side sit, oblique sit, and walking.
Main Methods:
- Prospective evaluation of 93 infants at 3, 4-5, 7-8, and 12 months.
- Utilized the Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of Motor Development Worksheet for three-month analysis.
- Correlated early motor assessments with later developmental milestones.
Main Results:
- Quantitative motor features at three months significantly predict side sit, oblique sit, and walking.
- Motor skills assessed between four and five months showed stronger predictive power.
- Early distal upper limb function strongly correlates with achieving sitting and walking.
Conclusions:
- Third-month quantitative and qualitative motor assessments are predictive of later sitting and walking.
- Adequate development of distal upper limb function is essential for achieving side and oblique sitting.
- Early identification of motor patterns can inform developmental support.
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