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Consensus map for robotic right lower lobectomy-essential components for artificial intelligence and education

Arian Mansur¹, Christina L Costantino², Lillian L Tsai³

¹Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Journal of Thoracic Disease

|December 11, 2025

Summary

This study maps robotic right lower lobectomy procedures using expert consensus. The developed procedural map aids in training and developing artificial intelligence for robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS).

Keywords:

Robotic surgery artificial intelligence education non-small cell lung cancer right lower lobectomy

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Area of Science:

Thoracic Surgery
Minimally Invasive Surgery
Robotic Surgery

Background:

Robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) is increasingly used for thoracic operations.
Procedural maps are crucial for training and AI development in minimally invasive surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a consensus procedural map for robotic right lower lobectomy using cognitive task analysis (CTA).
To identify essential operative phases, steps, and influencing patient/surgeon factors.

Main Methods:

Cognitive task analysis (CTA) interviews with 7 expert robotic thoracic surgeons.
Analysis of operative decision-making, phases, steps, and influencing factors.
Follow-up survey to establish consensus on identified aspects.

Main Results:

A consensus procedural map for robotic right lower lobectomy was developed.
Out of 32 identified operative steps, 28 (87.5%) reached consensus.
Consensus was reached on 7 out of 14 patient factors and 11 out of 13 surgeon factors.

Conclusions:

The developed procedural map provides a foundation for RATS training curricula and AI development.
This consensus map facilitates the broader adoption of robotic-assisted thoracic surgery techniques.