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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
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Physical activity in obesity management.

M Conradie-Smit1, G Fourie2, W May2

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.

South African Medical Journal = Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde
|December 11, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regular physical activity (PA) offers significant health benefits for adults, including weight management, improved fitness, and reduced cardiometabolic risk factors. Incorporating aerobic and resistance training, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT), can enhance these outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Obesity Management

Background:

  • Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns associated with numerous cardiometabolic risk factors.
  • Physical activity (PA) is a cornerstone of lifestyle interventions for managing weight and improving health outcomes.
  • Evidence-based recommendations for PA in adults with overweight or obesity are crucial for clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the evidence-based recommendations for physical activity in adults with overweight or obesity.
  • To outline the benefits of different types and intensities of PA for body composition, fitness, and cardiometabolic health.
  • To provide guidance on PA for weight loss, weight maintenance, and overall well-being.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and synthesis of evidence regarding physical activity and its effects on adults with overweight or obesity.
  • Grading of recommendations based on the strength of evidence (Levels) and quality of evidence (Grades).
  • Inclusion of findings related to aerobic exercise, resistance training, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT).

Main Results:

  • Aerobic PA (30-60 minutes, moderate-to-vigorous intensity) supports weight/fat loss, visceral and ectopic fat reduction, weight maintenance, fat-free mass preservation, and improved cardiorespiratory fitness and mobility.
  • Resistance training aids weight maintenance, modest muscle mass/fat-free mass gains, and mobility in adults with overweight or obesity.
  • Higher intensity exercise, including HIIT, enhances cardiorespiratory fitness more efficiently than moderate-intensity aerobic activity.
  • Regular PA improves cardiometabolic risk factors like hyperglycemia, insulin sensitivity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, irrespective of weight loss.
  • PA enhances health-related quality of life, mood (depression, anxiety), and body image in adults with overweight or obesity.

Conclusions:

  • Physical activity is essential for adults with overweight or obesity, offering multifaceted health benefits.
  • Tailoring PA intensity and type can optimize outcomes for body composition, fitness, and metabolic health.
  • PA interventions should be considered for improving overall health-related quality of life and mental well-being in this population.