Single-Cell Multi-Omics Sequencing Technologies and Their Applications in Livestock and Poultry Research

Single-cell multiomics technologies enable the detailed resolution of cellular heterogeneity by integrating multidimensional information─including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics─at the single-cell level to construct high-resolution molecular maps. Compared with conventional bulk sequencing methods, these technologies overcome the limitations of signal averaging, allowing for the identification of rare yet functionally critical cell subpopulations that would otherwise remain obscured. In livestock and poultry research, single-cell multiomics offers a novel approach to dissect the biological basis of key economic traits such as reproduction, growth, meat production, and disease resistance, demonstrating immense potential for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying desirable phenotypes. This review systematically outlines the developmental trajectory and core principles of single-cell multiomics sequencing technologies. We summarize their major applications in fundamental livestock and poultry research and discuss current challenges and future opportunities in the field. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive reference to guide future research in animal science.