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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
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Related Experiment Video

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Association of 10-2 Visual Field Cluster Patterns With Visual Acuity in Normal-Tension Glaucoma Patients With Central

Sujin Yeo1, Yongjin Na1, Yunhan Lee1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of, Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|December 11, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clustering of visual field defects in normal-tension glaucoma reveals that the inferotemporal region is strongly linked to vision loss across all disease stages. This specific cluster is a key indicator of declining visual acuity in glaucoma patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Glaucoma Research
  • Visual Neuroscience

Background:

  • Normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) is characterized by optic nerve damage and visual field (VF) defects without elevated intraocular pressure.
  • Central VF involvement in NTG can significantly impact daily function and quality of life.
  • Understanding the spatial patterns of VF defects is crucial for predicting disease progression and visual acuity (VA) loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clustering patterns of 10-2 visual field (VF) defects in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) patients with central VF involvement.
  • To identify specific clusters of VF defects associated with visual acuity (VA) loss across different stages of NTG.
  • To analyze the relationship between these defect clusters and structural measures from OCT and OCT angiography.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 167 eyes from NTG patients undergoing 24-2 and 10-2 VF testing, OCT, and OCT angiography.
  • Classification of eyes into early-stage (MD ≥ -6 dB) and moderate-to-advanced (MD < -6 dB) based on 24-2 VF mean deviation (MD).
  • Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of 10-2 VF total deviation (TD) values to identify spatial patterns of central VF defects (CVFDs); correlation and regression analyses to assess relationships with VA.

Main Results:

  • HCA identified distinct spatial clusters of CVFDs, with four clusters in the entire cohort and early-stage group, and six in the moderate-to-advanced group.
  • Cluster 3, located in the inferotemporal region, demonstrated the strongest correlation with VA loss in both early-stage (r = -0.474) and moderate-to-advanced (r = -0.762) NTG.
  • In moderate-to-advanced NTG, Cluster 3 mTD and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness were significant predictors of VA worse than 20/25.

Conclusions:

  • Hierarchical cluster analysis reveals consistent spatial patterns of central VF defects in NTG across disease stages.
  • The inferotemporal region (Cluster 3) is a critical area correlating with VA and serves as a key marker for predicting visual acuity loss in NTG.
  • These findings highlight the importance of targeted assessment of inferotemporal visual field defects for managing NTG patients.