Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

30.0K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
30.0K
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

8.9K
Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
8.9K
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.8K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.8K
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

13.9K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
13.9K
Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

5.6K
Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
5.6K
Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview

3.3K
Cycloadditions are one of the most valuable and effective synthesis routes to form cyclic compounds. These are concerted pericyclic reactions between two unsaturated compounds resulting in a cyclic product with two new σ bonds formed at the expense of π bonds. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition, known as the Diels–Alder reaction, is the most common. The other example is a [2 + 2] cycloaddition.
3.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Strain-Engineered Ultrafast Spin Dynamics Revealing Decoupled Magnetization and Heat Transport in SrRuO<sub>3</sub> Membranes for Flexible Spintronics.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Label-free quantification of cumulative cytosol-enriched peptide concentrations by mass spectrometry.

Analytica chimica acta·2026
Same author

Serine Octamer Substitution Reactions With α-Hydroxy Acids.

Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM·2026
Same author

Molecular Framework Modification in Mass Spectrometry: Atom Exchange, Insertion, and Deletion.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·2026
Same author

VMP1 forms a Ca<sup>2+</sup> release channel essential for postnatal heartbeat.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Early-stage drug discovery in a new-generation ultrahigh-throughput mass spectrometry platform.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device
14:48

Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device

Published on: April 17, 2021

4.5K

Catalyst-Free C-N Coupling under Ambient Conditions via High-Throughput Microdroplet Reactions.

Jie Li1,2, Santeri Aikonen3, Nicolás M Morato4

  • 1Chemistry Capabilities, Analytical and Purification, Global Discovery Chemistry, Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States.

The Journal of Organic Chemistry
|December 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel, catalyst-free method for carbon-nitrogen (C-N) coupling reactions using microdroplets. This approach enables efficient C-N bond formation under ambient conditions, offering an environmentally friendly alternative for organic synthesis.

More Related Videos

Millifluidics for Chemical Synthesis and Time-resolved Mechanistic Studies
12:55

Millifluidics for Chemical Synthesis and Time-resolved Mechanistic Studies

Published on: November 27, 2013

11.7K
Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-phosphinetriyltripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions
11:44

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-phosphinetriyltripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions

Published on: March 20, 2014

25.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device
14:48

Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device

Published on: April 17, 2021

4.5K
Millifluidics for Chemical Synthesis and Time-resolved Mechanistic Studies
12:55

Millifluidics for Chemical Synthesis and Time-resolved Mechanistic Studies

Published on: November 27, 2013

11.7K
Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-phosphinetriyltripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions
11:44

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-phosphinetriyltripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions

Published on: March 20, 2014

25.8K

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Synthetic Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Carbon-nitrogen (C-N) coupling is crucial for synthesizing complex organic molecules.
  • Existing methods like Buchwald-Hartwig coupling often necessitate metal catalysts and elevated temperatures.
  • There is a need for more efficient and sustainable C-N coupling strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a catalyst-free method for C(sp2)-N coupling under ambient conditions.
  • To explore the utility of microdroplet technology for organic synthesis.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of microdroplet-mediated C-N coupling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-throughput desorption electrospray ionization to generate reactive microdroplets.
  • Investigated C(sp2)-N coupling reactions within microdroplets during their flight time.
  • Conducted experimental and computational studies to understand the reaction mechanism.

Main Results:

  • Achieved catalyst-free C(sp2)-N coupling with a broad substrate scope for amines and aromatic halides.
  • Demonstrated efficient coupling occurring within milliseconds in microdroplets.
  • Identified aromatic nucleophilic substitution, driven by the superacidic microdroplet interface, as the mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Microdroplet-based reactions offer a powerful platform for efficient and environmentally friendly C-N coupling.
  • This catalyst-free approach provides a novel tool for synthetic chemists.
  • The findings open new avenues for sustainable organic synthesis.