Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

549
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
549
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

688
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
688
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

488
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
488
Language Development01:22

Language Development

804
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
804
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

745
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
745
Health Literacy01:21

Health Literacy

5.2K
Health literacy is an individual's or a community's capacity to comprehend, receive, read, and use relevant healthcare information and services. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2018) defines health literacy as the cognitive and social skills that determine the ability of individuals to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health. As a result, the WHO helps individuals manage long-term health concerns, participate in preventative...
5.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same authorSame journal

Validation and standardization of the Scale of Self-Perception of Central Auditory Processing Skills (EAPAC) - expanded.

CoDAS·2026
Same author

Influence of cognitive functions on central auditory processing tests in university students.

CoDAS·2026
Same author

Benefits of horseback riding for neurotypical children and adolescents: a scoping review.

CoDAS·2025
Same author

The neuropsychological functions of schoolchildren after the reopening of brazilian schools during the Covid-19 pandemic.

CoDAS·2024
Same author

Auditory and academic skills self-perception in adults.

CoDAS·2024
Same author

Profile of fluency in spontaneous speech, reading, and retelling of texts by adults who stutter.

CoDAS·2023
Same journal

Voice disorder is recognized as an occupational disease.

CoDAS·2026
Same journal

Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and manual laryngeal therapy on muscle tension dysphonia: randomized clinical trial.

CoDAS·2026
Same journal

Habitual lip and tongue posture in infants with Trisomy 21: characterization and associated factors.

CoDAS·2026
Same journal

Behavioral and functional aspects among public and private middle school students.

CoDAS·2026
Same journal

Assessing pragmatic abilities of small children with and without ASD diagnosis.

CoDAS·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding
06:33

Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding

Published on: October 11, 2018

7.2K

The effect of vacation on reading fluency development.

Isa Mourão Carvalho1, Luiza Vitória da Cunha Ferreira2, Rebecca Chrispim Silva2

  • 1Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fonoaudiológicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG - Belo Horizonte (MG), Brasil.

Codas
|December 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extended school vacations negatively impact elementary students' reading fluency, with performance declining after breaks. This highlights the need for strategies to maintain reading skills during time off.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Link Between Time Perception of Visual Stimuli and Reading Skills
09:27

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Link Between Time Perception of Visual Stimuli and Reading Skills

Published on: January 19, 2024

1.7K
Universal Screening for Prevention of Reading, Writing, and Math Disabilities in Spanish
14:43

Universal Screening for Prevention of Reading, Writing, and Math Disabilities in Spanish

Published on: July 18, 2020

8.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding
06:33

Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding

Published on: October 11, 2018

7.2K
Author Spotlight: Exploring the Link Between Time Perception of Visual Stimuli and Reading Skills
09:27

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Link Between Time Perception of Visual Stimuli and Reading Skills

Published on: January 19, 2024

1.7K
Universal Screening for Prevention of Reading, Writing, and Math Disabilities in Spanish
14:43

Universal Screening for Prevention of Reading, Writing, and Math Disabilities in Spanish

Published on: July 18, 2020

8.5K

Area of Science:

  • Education
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Reading fluency is crucial for academic success.
  • Extended breaks, like school vacations, may disrupt learning continuity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of school vacations on elementary students' reading fluency.
  • To identify grade levels most affected by the 'vacation effect' on reading skills.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal observational study of 98 students (2nd-5th grade) from 2022-2024.
  • Reading fluency assessed before and after vacations using appropriate texts.
  • Paired t-test, t-test, and Cohen's d used for statistical analysis.

Main Results:

  • Reading speed improved from the beginning to the end of the school year.
  • A statistically significant decline in reading fluency was observed after extended vacations.
  • Students transitioning from 2nd to 3rd grade showed less decline, possibly due to consistent reading practice.

Conclusions:

  • The 'vacation effect' negatively impacts reading fluency in 3rd, 4th, and 5th graders.
  • Pedagogical strategies are essential to promote continued reading during school breaks.
  • Maintaining reading skills during vacations is vital for academic progression.