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Reticular Dermis

Reticular Dermis

The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Combination of Microstereolithography and Electrospinning to Produce Membranes Equipped with Niches for Corneal Regeneration

Combination of Microstereolithography and Electrospinning to Produce Membranes Equipped with Niches for Corneal Regeneration

Published on: September 12, 2014

Descemet Membrane Versus Amniotic Membrane for Limbal Stem Cell Therapy.

Peter Bedard¹, Ching Yuan¹, Sung Lee¹

¹Lions Gift of Sight, St. Paul, MN; and.

|December 11, 2025

Summary

Descemet membrane (DM) better maintains limbal epithelial stem cell (LESC) stemness and supports stratified corneal epithelium compared to amniotic membrane (AM). DM shows promise as a superior scaffold for ocular surface stem cell therapy.

Keywords:

Descemet membrane Limbal stem cell deficiency amniotic membrane limbal epithelial stem cell scaffold ocular surface reconstruction

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Last Updated: May 4, 2026

Combination of Microstereolithography and Electrospinning to Produce Membranes Equipped with Niches for Corneal Regeneration

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Published on: September 12, 2014

A Simple Mechanical Procedure to Create Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency in Mouse

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Published on: November 17, 2016

Author Spotlight: Standardizing Limbal Niche Cell (LNC) Isolation and Characterization to Support Widespread LNC Research

Author Spotlight: Standardizing Limbal Niche Cell (LNC) Isolation and Characterization to Support Widespread LNC Research

Published on: October 27, 2023

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Regenerative Medicine
Biomaterials Science

Background:

Limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) are crucial for corneal regeneration.
Current therapies often use amniotic membrane (AM) as a scaffold.
Alternative scaffolds are needed to improve outcomes in limbal stem cell therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare biomarker expression and proliferation of LESCs cultured on Descemet membrane (DM) versus AM.
To evaluate DM's suitability as a long-term scaffold for cultivated LESC transplantation.
To assess DM's potential as an alternative to AM in ocular surface reconstruction.

Main Methods:

Cultured donor limbal epithelial cells on decellularized DM and AM.
Assessed LESC biomarker expression (ABCG2, ABCB5, p63α) via In-Cell Western and immunocytochemistry.
Evaluated cell proliferation using BrdU incorporation and analyzed stratified growth via airlift organ cultures and 3D immunofluorescence.
Assessed scaffold transparency and collagenase resistance.

Main Results:

DM maintained LESC stemness better than AM, showing higher LESC marker expression and lower proliferation rates.
Cells on DM formed stratified epithelia with differentiation, maintaining basal LESC markers.
DM exhibited superior transparency and collagenase resistance compared to AM.

Conclusions:

Descemet membrane (DM) promotes limbal epithelial stem cell (LESC) stemness more effectively than amniotic membrane (AM) in ex vivo culture.
DM supports stratified corneal epithelial growth and possesses favorable transparency and durability characteristics.
DM represents a promising alternative scaffold for limbal stem cell therapy, potentially enhancing ocular surface regeneration.