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Related Experiment Video

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Garcinol Promotes Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury in Mouse by Modulating Microglial Polarization Through

Bin Dai1, Xintian Ding2,3, Hongxing Zhang4

  • 1Clinical College of Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China.

Spine
|December 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Garcinol effectively reduces inflammation and improves functional recovery in spinal cord injury (SCI) by shifting microglial polarization. This natural compound targets the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway, offering therapeutic potential for SCI treatment.

Keywords:
M1/M2 polarizationgarcinolmicroglianeuroinflammationspinal cord injury

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to secondary inflammation driven by overactivated microglia, worsening neurological deficits.
  • Garcinol, a natural benzophenone, possesses anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, but its role in SCI was unexplored.
  • Investigating garcinol's therapeutic potential is crucial for developing novel SCI treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of garcinol in a preclinical spinal cord injury (SCI) model.
  • To elucidate garcinol's mechanism of action, focusing on microglial polarization and the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway.
  • To explore garcinol as a potential multi-target therapeutic agent for SCI.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro studies used LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells to assess garcinol's effects on cytokine release and polarization.
  • In vivo studies involved inducing contusive SCI in mice and administering garcinol, followed by functional recovery assessments.
  • Network pharmacology, molecular docking, transcriptomic analysis, and mechanistic validation identified key molecular targets and pathways.

Main Results:

  • Garcinol promoted a shift in microglial polarization towards an anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype in vitro.
  • In vivo, garcinol treatment significantly attenuated neuroinflammation and secondary tissue damage post-SCI.
  • Garcinol administration improved locomotor and bladder function in mice, mediated by the inhibition of the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway.

Conclusions:

  • Garcinol demonstrates significant therapeutic potential for spinal cord injury (SCI).
  • It alleviates secondary inflammation and promotes neurological recovery by modulating microglial polarization.
  • The findings support garcinol's development as a multi-target therapeutic candidate for SCI via the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway.