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Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury in Trauma-Fixed or Modifiable Risk Factor for Stroke?

Steven G Schauer¹, Michael D April², Andrew D Fisher³

¹US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas; Department of Emergency Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas; Center for Combat and Battlefield (COMBAT) Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.

The Journal of Surgical Research

|December 11, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) is associated with higher stroke risk. Current treatments like anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy show no significant benefit in preventing stroke in BCVI patients.

Keywords:

BCVI Blunt Brain Cerebrovascular Injury Stroke Traumatic

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A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

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Published on: August 18, 2015

Area of Science:

Trauma Surgery
Neurology
Epidemiology

Background:

Blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) epidemiology and treatment outcomes lack consistent findings.
Analysis of the Trauma Quality Improvement Program registry aimed to clarify BCVI epidemiology and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the epidemiology of blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI).
To evaluate outcomes associated with current treatment strategies for BCVI.

Main Methods:

Analysis of patients aged ≥15 years with blunt mechanism trauma from 2017-2023.
Classification of BCVI into low-grade (1-2) and high-grade (3-5).
Comparison of stroke incidence and risk factors between patients with and without BCVI, and across different treatment strategies.

Main Results:

Over 5.7 million patients analyzed; 53,940 had documented BCVI.
BCVI patients had a significantly higher stroke incidence (3.3%) compared to non-BCVI patients (0.2%).
Unadjusted and adjusted analyses indicated no significant stroke risk reduction with heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, or aspirin compared to no prophylaxis for both low- and high-grade BCVI.

Conclusions:

Current anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapies do not demonstrate a benefit in reducing stroke risk for BCVI patients.
The findings question whether stroke in BCVI is a modifiable event.
High-quality clinical trials are necessary to establish effective treatment strategies for BCVI.