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Screen-printed flexible carbon electrodes for efficient neural impulse transmission.
Marek Pawlikowski1, Zbigniew Gulbinowicz2, Rafał Drobnicki2
1Institute of Mechanics and Printing, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Narbutta 85, 02-524, Warszawa, Poland. marek.pawlikowski@pw.edu.pl.
Scientific Reports
|December 11, 2025
Summary
Screen-printed carbon electrodes show promise for neural impulse conduction. Graphite and carbon black electrodes outperform graphene for neural interface applications.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Biomedical Engineering
- Electrical Engineering
Background:
- Neural system disorders require advanced treatment methods.
- Conductive materials are essential for neural interfaces.
- Screen printing offers a viable technique for fabricating electrodes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the electrical performance of screen-printed carbon-based electrodes.
- To assess their suitability for conducting neural impulses.
- To compare the performance of graphite, carbon black, and graphene electrodes.
Main Methods:
- Screen printing of carbon-based electrodes on PET foil.
- Fabrication of electrodes with varying dimensions.
- Verification of electrical performance using single rectangular electrical impulses.
- Measurement and correlation of electrical properties with conductive characteristics.
Main Results:
- Graphite and carbon black electrodes demonstrated superior electrical signal transmission.
- Graphene electrodes exhibited underperformance in electrical signal conduction.
- Electrical properties correlated with the conductive characteristics of the carbon materials.
Conclusions:
- Graphite and carbon black are suitable materials for printable neural interfaces.
- Further research is needed to optimize graphene-based electrodes for neural applications.
- Screen-printed carbon electrodes hold potential for treating neural system disorders.

