In vivo multimodal neurochemical interfaces for real-time decoding of brain circuit

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Biomedical Engineering
• Chemical Sensing

Background:

• Neurochemical signaling is crucial for neural computation, behavior, and disease.
• Existing sensing methods lack comprehensive spatiotemporal resolution, molecular specificity, and anatomical compatibility.
• Current platforms often provide only single-function sensing, limiting circuit analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and highlight advancements in in vivo neurochemical sensing technologies.
• To discuss the limitations of traditional and current sensing approaches.
• To emphasize the potential of multimodal platforms for brain-wide and multianalyte measurements.

Main Methods:

• Review of electrochemical and optical sensing techniques.
• Discussion of hybrid systems integrating stimulation and sensing.
• Exploration of emerging multimodal platforms for advanced neurochemical detection.

Main Results:

• Electrochemical methods offer subsecond temporal resolution without genetic manipulation.
• Optical methods provide cell-specific measurements with high spatial precision.
• Multimodal platforms enable brain-wide, multianalyte, and remote neurochemical sensing.

Conclusions:

• Multimodal platforms overcome limitations in scope, resolution, and accessibility for in vivo neurochemical sensing.
• These advanced systems are essential for mapping, decoding, and modulating the chemical basis of brain function and pathology.
• In vivo neurochemical sensing is advancing to a frontier discipline with transformative potential.