Problematic usage of the internet is associated with orthorexia nervosa tendency in adults

The link between problematic usage of the internet (PUI) and eating disorder symptoms is well-established. However, less is known about this association in the context of orthorexia nervosa (ON), an excessive preoccupation with healthy eating. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between PUI, including various problematic online behaviors, and ON tendency in a sample of US adults.

Three hundred adults completed an online survey via prolific (mean age = 37.40, 54.6% female). The survey included demographic questions, the ORTO-R to measure ON symptoms, and the Internet Severity and Activities Addiction Questionnaire (ISAAQ-10) to assess PUI and the extent of engagement in several online activities, such as gaming, shopping, social networking, cyberchondria, pornography, and cyberbullying.

Women had higher ORTO-R scores than men (p < .05). ISAAQ-10 scores predicted ORTO-R scores in a regression model (β = .375, p < .001) even after controlling for age, gender, and an eating disorder diagnosis. ON risk was associated with a high engagement in cyberchondria, researching healthy food choices on the internet, cyberbullying perpetration, and online shopping.

Results indicate that PUI is associated with ON symptoms even after considering other predictors. Maladaptive use of nutrition and medical-related resources may play a significant role in this association. However, it remains unclear whether exposure to this content increases ON risk or if people with ON symptoms seek this information online. The directionality of this relationship is an important area for future research.