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Computer Based Sequential and Simultaneous Dual-Task Training for Executive Functions in Elderly: A 2-Arm Protocol

Anjum Samnani1, Muhammad Azharuddin1, Sarah Parveen1

  • 1Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India.

Physiotherapy Research International : the Journal for Researchers and Clinicians in Physical Therapy
|December 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study compares sequential and simultaneous dual-task training for improving executive functions and balance in older adults. Results will clarify which dual-task training method is more effective for enhancing cognitive and physical abilities in the elderly.

Keywords:
agingbalance exercisecognitiondual‐task trainingolder adults

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Normal aging leads to brain changes and cognitive decline, impacting daily living.
  • Dual-task training (DTT) can improve cognitive functions, but comparisons between sequential and simultaneous DTT are inconclusive.
  • Older adults experience challenges in executive functions and balance due to aging-related neuroanatomical changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effectiveness of sequential dual-task training (SEQ-DTT) versus simultaneous dual-task training (SIM-DTT).
  • To assess the impact of SEQ-DTT and SIM-DTT on executive functions and balance in older adults.
  • To evaluate combined balance and computerized cognitive training interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Randomized controlled trial with 46 older adults (≥60 years).
  • Two groups: SEQ-DTT and SIM-DTT, training 3 times/week for 8 weeks.
  • Assessments include ERP P300, TMT, SCWT, OLST, TUG, 10MWT, and 10MWT-DT.

Main Results:

  • Statistical analysis (independent t-test, one-way ANOVA) will compare within- and between-group changes.
  • Pre- and post-intervention assessments will measure effects on cognitive and balance parameters.
  • The study aims to quantify improvements in executive functions and balance.

Conclusions:

  • The study will elucidate the efficacy of computer-based training for elderly executive functions.
  • It will provide insights into age-related changes in balance following dual-task interventions.
  • Findings will inform the optimal DTT approach for older adults.