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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Association Between Age-Specific Sleep Sufficiency and Autism Spectrum Disorder in U.S. Children.

Md Roungu Ahmmad1, Harry Pantazopoulos2, Fazlay Faruque3

  • 1USF-Health, University of South Florida, 12912 Health Dr, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. ahmmad@usf.edu.

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
|December 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Ensuring age-specific sleep sufficiency (ASSS) in children aged 6-17 is linked to a lower likelihood of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This association highlights sleep as a key behavioral factor for intervention.

Keywords:
ASDAge specific sleep sufficiencyMachine learningOdds ratios

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition.
  • Sleep disturbances are frequently observed in children with ASD.
  • The role of age-specific sleep sufficiency (ASSS) in ASD risk requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between age-specific sleep sufficiency (ASSS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • To analyze this association in U.S. children aged 6-17 years.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the 2022-2023 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) (n=63,866).
  • Defined ASSS based on American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines.
  • Employed descriptive statistics, regression models, and machine learning for comprehensive analysis.

Main Results:

  • Children not meeting ASSS had a higher ASD prevalence (5.16%) versus those meeting ASSS (4.05%).
  • Meeting ASSS criteria was associated with a significantly lower likelihood of ASD (OR=0.78; p<0.001).
  • The association was consistent across sexes, with a slightly stronger effect in males. Machine learning identified specific demographic groups with highest/lowest ASD probability.

Conclusions:

  • Age-specific sleep sufficiency (ASSS) is significantly associated with a reduced likelihood of ASD.
  • Sleep sufficiency emerges as a crucial behavioral factor in ASD development.
  • Findings support targeted interventions focusing on sleep health for ASD prevention and management.