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    Researchers developed a low-cost rodent pupillometry system for neuromodulation research. This system accurately measures pupil size in rats, improving upon existing methods for autonomic and cortical activity assessment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Neuroscience
    • Ophthalmology

    Background:

    • Pupillometry is a key non-invasive biomarker for autonomic and cortical activity in neuromodulation research.
    • Existing pupillometry systems are unsuitable for rodents due to anatomical and artifact challenges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a low-cost, real-time rodent pupillometry system for preclinical neuromodulation studies.
    • To overcome limitations of current systems in rodent ocular morphology and fur artifacts.

    Main Methods:

    • An integrated, embedded system with a rule-based algorithm featuring adaptive ellipse fitting, RGB masking, and greedy tracking.
    • Optimization for infrared illumination, avoiding GPU acceleration.
    • Validation through in vivo vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) experiments in rats.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved an 86.0% detection rate in rat pupillometry, significantly outperforming existing methods (63.1%).
    • Demonstrated robust performance minimizing fur and ocular artifacts.
    • Successfully correlated dynamic pupil size changes with VNS intensity.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed system provides a practical, low-cost solution for rodent pupillometry in preclinical research.
    • This tool enhances the evaluation of VNS and highlights pupillometry's potential as a non-invasive neuromodulation biomarker.