Artificial Intelligence in heart and brain ultrasound: the least you need to know

The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medical imaging has demonstrated substantial potential in enhancing diagnostic accuracy, reducing inter-operator variability, and improving workflow efficiency. This review examines the integration of AI into three ultrasound pillars: echocardiography, carotid ultrasound, and transcranial Doppler (TCD). These techniques have long relied on expert interpretation, but AI-driven advancements now promise to revolutionize clinical practice by providing automated image analysis, improving diagnostic capabilities, and enhancing prognostic prediction. While echocardiography remains a cornerstone in the diagnosis of heart disease, carotid ultrasound and TCD are critical for assessing brain atherosclerosis and stroke risk and management. This narrative review explores AI applications in these domains, highlighting the current state of technology, clinical implications, challenges, and future prospects.