Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

Integration of Synaptic Events

3.4K
Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
3.4K
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

3.4K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when...
3.4K
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

58.1K
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
58.1K
Synaptic Signaling01:12

Synaptic Signaling

79.0K
Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
79.0K
Synaptic Signaling01:09

Synaptic Signaling

6.5K
Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
6.5K
Propagation of Action Potentials01:23

Propagation of Action Potentials

8.7K
The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
Neurons (nerve cells) have a resting membrane potential, with a slightly negative charge inside compared to outside. This is maintained by ion channels, such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels, which control the flow of ions. When a stimulus, like a touch or a signal from another neuron, triggers the neuron, sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions to...
8.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Associations between frailty severity and dietary quality and food security among older Korean adults: a cross-sectional study.

BMC geriatrics·2026
Same author

Anti-inflammatory effect of <i>Canis familiaris</i> (dog) gingival derived microorganisms on <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> derived lipopolysaccharide treated RAW 264.7 macrophage.

Journal of animal science and technology·2026
Same author

Diazo-6Bx, a Six-Branched Diazo Cross-Linker, Enables High-Fidelity Patterning for Solution-Processed Electronics with Stable Operation.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Enhancing Volumetric Hydrogen Storage Capacity through Bimodal Packing of MOF Particles.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Ablation of glypican-3 enhances radiosensitivity in liver cancer by prolonging G2/M arrest and activating the ATM/CHK2 pathway.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Disorder-mediated non-equilibrium photocurrent redistribution enables homeostatic synaptic conditioning in AgBiS<sub>2</sub> heterostructure.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Frontier Advances of Terpyridine-Zn(II) Complexes: From Molecular Design to Smart Functional Materials.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same journal

CREAT: A CRISPR-Based Genome Trimming Strategy for Systematic Identification of Dispensable Regions and Rapid Genome Reduction.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Metal (n+1)p-nd Orbital Hybridization and Excited-State Metal-Ligand π-Interactions Enable d<sup>10</sup> Carbene-Metal-Amide TADF OLEDs with High Efficiency and Long Operational Lifetime.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Thermoelectric PANI/TeNWs Fiber Based Microsensor for Passive Temperature and Active Chemical Sensing.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Expanded Hepatic Progenitor Cells Featured with Aggregation of α-Synuclein Contribute to Pathologic Bile Duct Regeneration in Biliary Atresia.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Sub-Terahertz Memristor Switches Using MoS<sub>2</sub> by Liquid-Liquid Interface Assembly.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Patterned Photostimulation with Digital Micromirror Devices to Investigate Dendritic Integration Across Branch Points
09:30

Patterned Photostimulation with Digital Micromirror Devices to Investigate Dendritic Integration Across Branch Points

Published on: March 2, 2011

16.1K

Analog Signal Summation for Reinforcement Learning via Simultaneous Light-Voltage Modulation in a Synaptic Device.

Dong Gue Roe1,2, Sungjoon Cheon1, Seongil Im1,3,4

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|December 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel synaptic transistor capable of light and voltage modulation for device-level computing. This innovation significantly reduces computational load, paving the way for efficient artificial intelligence hardware.

Keywords:
artificial intelligencequantum dotreinforcement learningsingle‐device computationsynaptic transistor

More Related Videos

Using Affordable LED Arrays for Photo-Stimulation of Neurons
07:40

Using Affordable LED Arrays for Photo-Stimulation of Neurons

Published on: November 15, 2011

19.0K
Automated Multimodal Stimulation and Simultaneous Neuronal Recording from Multiple Small Organisms
08:28

Automated Multimodal Stimulation and Simultaneous Neuronal Recording from Multiple Small Organisms

Published on: March 3, 2023

1.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Patterned Photostimulation with Digital Micromirror Devices to Investigate Dendritic Integration Across Branch Points
09:30

Patterned Photostimulation with Digital Micromirror Devices to Investigate Dendritic Integration Across Branch Points

Published on: March 2, 2011

16.1K
Using Affordable LED Arrays for Photo-Stimulation of Neurons
07:40

Using Affordable LED Arrays for Photo-Stimulation of Neurons

Published on: November 15, 2011

19.0K
Automated Multimodal Stimulation and Simultaneous Neuronal Recording from Multiple Small Organisms
08:28

Automated Multimodal Stimulation and Simultaneous Neuronal Recording from Multiple Small Organisms

Published on: March 3, 2023

1.5K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Computer Engineering
  • Artificial Intelligence Hardware

Background:

  • Artificial intelligence (AI) software advances outpace hardware, hindered by the von Neumann architecture.
  • Neuromorphic devices offer biomimetic computation but struggle with computational load reduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a light-voltage dual-modulating synaptic transistor for device-level computing.
  • To significantly lower computational load in AI hardware.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a hybrid indium-gallium-zinc-oxide and InAs quantum dot synaptic transistor.
  • Leveraging dual memory effects (light and voltage-induced) within a single device.
  • Demonstration using a Dueling Deep Q-Network for traffic signal optimization.

Main Results:

  • The device enables dual-modulation (light and voltage) for distinct memory effects.
  • Traffic signal optimization achieved computation performance comparable to ideal software.
  • Significant reduction in computational load demonstrated through device-level computing.

Conclusions:

  • The developed synaptic transistor offers a promising solution for energy-efficient AI computing.
  • Highlights the potential for high computational density in future AI hardware.
  • Device-level computing via dual-modulation transistors can overcome current hardware limitations.