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Disability Insurance as a Complement to Labor Income: Evidence From Italian Administrative Data.
Zantomio Francesca1, Belloni Michele2, Carrieri Vincenzo3
1Ca' Foscari University of Venice, CRIEP and HEDG, Venice, Italy.
Health Economics
|December 13, 2025
Summary
Generous disability insurance (DI) increases DI take-up significantly but has minor employment effects. When benefits can be combined with earnings, DI acts as income support, impacting labor-inclusive scheme design.
Area of Science:
- Economics
- Labor Economics
- Public Policy
Background:
- Disability insurance (DI) generosity influences program participation and labor supply.
- Understanding these effects is crucial for designing effective social safety nets.
- The interaction between DI benefits and earned income is a key policy consideration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify the impact of disability insurance generosity on DI take-up and labor market participation.
- To analyze behavioral responses in a context with substantial earnings cumulability.
- To inform the design of inclusive disability insurance policies.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing rich administrative data from Italian private-sector workers.
- Employing a Regression Discontinuity in Time (RDT) design.
- Focusing on individuals experiencing acute cardiovascular shocks for exogenous DI eligibility.
Main Results:
- A significant behavioral response to DI generosity was observed, with a 1.26 elasticity in DI take-up.
- Employment effects were minor overall, concentrated primarily among immigrant workers.
- The study identified a clear income effect stemming from a social security reform reducing DI replacement rates.
Conclusions:
- Disability insurance is perceived as a complement to labor income when earnings cumulability is extensive.
- Findings have significant implications for structuring labor-inclusive disability insurance schemes.
- Policy design should consider the role of DI as supplementary income support.
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