Non-invasive biological matrices on biosensor design

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Analytical Chemistry
• Biosensor Technology

Background:

• Point-of-care (POC) device performance hinges on sample matrix selection.
• Traditional invasive samples (e.g., blood) offer rich data but limit continuous monitoring.
• Non-invasive and minimally invasive matrices are gaining traction for POC biosensor development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review biological matrices for POC biosensor development.
• To evaluate the advantages, limitations, and potential of various sample sources.
• To assess recent advancements and future directions in POC biosensor technology.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of biological matrices used in POC biosensor development.
• Analysis of optical and electrochemical detection methods for POC samples.
• Evaluation of POC device progress, including paper-based sensors, flexible devices, and microfluidic chips.

Main Results:

• Non-invasive matrices (sweat, saliva, tears, urine, nasal secretions) offer alternatives to blood.
• Each matrix has unique biomarkers and challenges in collection, stability, and concentration.
• Recent POC development shows a trend towards high-quality, low-cost biosensors.

Conclusions:

• Optimizing non-invasive sample matrices is crucial for advancing POC biosensors.
• Technological and economic requirements for POC development are significant.
• Future work should focus on improving POC device features and addressing current limitations.