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Gender differences in multi-attribute dietary decision making under time pressure: A hierarchical drift-diffusion

Mengying Liu1, Jingyi Jiang2, Jianping Huang2

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Time pressure changes how men and women make food choices. Men shift to taste-focused decisions, while both genders require less evidence, impacting healthy eating strategies.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Nutritional science

Background:

  • Time pressure significantly impacts decision-making across various contexts.
  • Its specific effects on complex dietary choices and potential gender variations are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how time pressure influences the cognitive mechanisms underlying dietary decisions in men and women.
  • To explore potential gender-specific responses to time constraints in food choices.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an incentive-compatible paradigm for binary choices between health and taste attributes.
  • Compared decision-making under time-pressure and no-time-pressure conditions.
  • Employed hierarchical drift-diffusion modeling (HDDM) to analyze cognitive processes.

Main Results:

  • Time pressure altered choice patterns differently in men and women, without affecting overall response times or healthier choices.
  • Men shifted towards hedonic (taste-dominant) processing, while women maintained taste-focused strategies.
  • Both genders exhibited reduced decision thresholds, needing less evidence to make a choice under time constraints.
  • Time pressure diminished baseline gender differences in perceptual-motor speed.

Conclusions:

  • Temporal constraints reshape dietary decision-making via distinct gender-specific strategies and shared adaptive mechanisms.
  • Findings offer insights for developing personalized environments to encourage healthier eating habits.