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Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Muscle Function Obtained with Motion Mode Ultrasound and Surface Electromyography during Core Endurance Exercise
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Relation between core strength, core stability, and athletic performance-a mediation analysis approach.

Sarah Schulte1, Matthias Lukas1, Jessica Bopp1

  • 1Institute of Sport Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.

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Maximal core strength directly impacts jumping performance in athletes. Core stability does not appear to mediate this relationship, suggesting hip strength may be a key factor. Further research is recommended.

Keywords:
ULESS testdiagnosticsjumping performancekinematicslower limbtrunk

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Science
  • Kinesiology

Background:

  • Core strength and stability are vital for athletic performance.
  • The precise relationship between core strength, core stability, and athletic outcomes remains unclear in scientific literature.
  • Functional anatomy suggests core stability may indirectly influence the link between core strength and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between core strength, core stability, and athletic performance.
  • To determine if core stability mediates the effect of core strength on athletic performance.

Main Methods:

  • Forty-one adult sport students participated in laboratory testing.
  • Athletic performance was assessed via jump height using force plates during single-leg drop jumps.
  • Core stability was evaluated using kinematic data (pelvic tilt, trunk lean, knee angles) from recorded drop jumps.
  • Core strength and power were measured through isometric exercises (flexion, extension, lateral flexion).

Main Results:

  • Mediation analysis showed no significant indirect effect of core stability on the relationship between core strength and jumping performance.
  • A small, statistically significant direct effect was found between maximal core strength and jumping performance.
  • Core stability did not mediate the link between core strength and jump performance in this study.

Conclusions:

  • Core stability does not appear to mediate the relationship between core strength and jumping performance in the studied context.
  • Maximal core strength demonstrates a direct association with jumping performance.
  • Future models should consider incorporating hip musculature strength as a predictor or mediator due to potential force transfer issues.