Synergistic Design of Multicomponent Carbon Fillers and Structures for Emi Shielding Rubbers

With the rapid development of highly integrated electronic devices, electromagnetic interference leakage through assembly gaps has become a critical challenge. Conductive rubber, combining electrical conductivity and elastic compressibility, is widely recognized as a core material for achieving electromagnetic compatibility. Carbon-based conductive rubbers are attractive for their lightweight and corrosion resistance, but they face the critical bottleneck of achieving high shielding efficiency at low filler loadings. To address this issue, research has shifted from single-component carbon fillers toward multicomponent synergistic systems and structural designs. This review systematically classifies synergistic systems into carbon-carbon, carbon-metal, and carbon-magnetic types, highlighting their conductive network architectures, shielding mechanisms, and performance trade-offs. It further emphasizes the coupled optimization between filler systems and rubber structures, which enables significant improvements in shielding effectiveness. Finally, the review outlines future directions, including service reliability, integrated structural-functional design, intelligent responsive materials, and multifunctional sustainable development, providing guidance for the advancement of high-performance carbon-based conductive rubbers.