Multifunctional Surface Engineering of Ni-Rich Layered Cathodes for Ultra-Stable Lithium-Ion Batteries

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Electrochemistry
• Energy Storage

Background:

• Nickel-rich layered LiNi_xCo_yMn_zO₂ (NCM) cathodes are crucial for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), offering high capacity and cost-efficiency.
• However, their performance is limited by structural degradation and interfacial instability during high-voltage operation (> 4.3 V).

Purpose of the Study:

• This review analyzes the multidimensional aspects of coating engineering for NCM cathodes.
• It focuses on understanding coating mechanisms, exploring innovative designs, and evaluating synthesis routes to improve cathode performance and longevity.

Main Methods:

• The review systematically integrates fundamental mechanistic insights with practical engineering perspectives on surface coatings for NCM cathodes.
• It highlights emerging research areas, including AI-enabled coating architectures and sustainable large-scale synthesis.

Main Results:

• Precisely engineered surface coatings can suppress parasitic reactions, stabilize lattice frameworks, and enhance Li⁺ transport kinetics.
• These coatings synergistically address the limitations of NCM cathodes, improving their structural integrity and interfacial stability.

Conclusions:

• Coating engineering offers a robust framework to accelerate the development of ultra-stable and safe NCM cathodes for advanced energy storage systems.
• Further research into AI-driven design and sustainable synthesis is crucial for practical applications.