Recent Developments in Photoreceptor Optoretinography and Progress Toward Clinical Use

Optoretinography is an emerging class of methods designed to probe the function of retinal neurons using noninvasive, optical techniques. Early efforts sought to identify sources of functional signal and measure responses using advanced, research-grade imaging systems. In the past few years, some investigators have demonstrated simplified methods for measuring these signals using equipment very similar to what is used in commercial, clinical systems. The goal of this review is to introduce the reader to the sources of the photoreceptor optoretinographic signal and the technologies that have been developed to measure it.