Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

6.6K
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
6.6K
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

376
Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any...
376
Difference from Background: Limit of Detection01:05

Difference from Background: Limit of Detection

8.0K
The limit of detection (LOD) is the smallest amount of analyte that can be distinguished from the background noise. The LOD value corresponds to the concentration at which the analyte signal is three times larger than the standard deviation of the blank signal. Below this value, the analyte signal cannot be differentiated from the background noise. It is calculated by dividing the calibration slope by 3 times the standard deviation of the blank signals.
The LOD indicates the presence or absence...
8.0K
Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

5.2K
Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
5.2K
Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error00:59

Propagation of Uncertainty from Random Error

1.6K
An experiment often consists of more than a single step. In this case, measurements at each step give rise to uncertainty. Because the measurements occur in successive steps, the uncertainty in one step necessarily contributes to that in the subsequent step. As we perform statistical analysis on these types of experiments, we must learn to account for the propagation of uncertainty from one step to the next. The propagation of uncertainty depends on the type of arithmetic operation performed on...
1.6K
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

408
Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...
408

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Linguistics and human brain: a perspective of computational neuroscience.

Cognitive neurodynamics·2026
Same author

Cichorium intybus L. polysaccharide improves growth performance and colonic barrier function in weaned piglets via the microbiota-HDCA-TGR5-Akt-NF-κB signaling axis: validation by FMT and in vitro models.

Journal of animal science and biotechnology·2026
Same author

Proof-of-principle of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) for detection of sewer defects, extraneous water intrusion and sewage exfiltration.

Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research·2026
Same author

Achieving a High Average Thermoelectric Figure of Merit (<i>ZT)</i> in Medium-Entropy SnTe Alloys.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Histone Demethylase JMJD2D Suppresses Influenza A Virus Infection by Promoting RIG-I Expression.

Biomolecules·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to "Development and optimization of base editors and its application in crops" [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 739 (2024) 150942].

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

14.9K

Bayesian online changepoint detection-based variable-threshold phase unwrapping algorithm for heterodyne Φ-OTDR.

Hao Wu, Siqi Jing, Chuandong Jiang

    Optics Letters
    |December 15, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    A new algorithm, BOCD-VT, improves phase unwrapping for phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer (Φ-OTDR) systems. It reduces errors and enhances signal quality for real-time vibration detection.

    More Related Videos

    Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
    09:43

    Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

    Published on: March 20, 2017

    10.3K
    Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station
    05:57

    Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

    Published on: April 1, 2020

    8.5K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

    Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
    09:23

    Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

    Published on: May 30, 2014

    14.9K
    Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
    09:43

    Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

    Published on: March 20, 2017

    10.3K
    Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station
    05:57

    Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

    Published on: April 1, 2020

    8.5K

    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Signal Processing
    • Fiber Optic Sensing

    Background:

    • Phase unwrapping is critical for Φ-OTDR systems.
    • Unwrapping errors introduce phase errors, degrading signal quality.
    • Existing methods struggle with real-time processing and accuracy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel variable-threshold phase unwrapping algorithm (BOCD-VT) for Φ-OTDR.
    • To improve the accuracy and efficiency of phase unwrapping in Φ-OTDR.
    • To enable real-time, jump-free vibration detection.

    Main Methods:

    • The BOCD-VT algorithm utilizes Bayesian theory for online changepoint detection.
    • A dynamic unwrapping threshold is implemented using local signal differencing.
    • Experiments were conducted using a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) and a 16 km urban dark fiber.

    Main Results:

    • BOCD-VT effectively minimizes phase changepoints caused by unwrapping errors.
    • The algorithm achieves a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement of over 5 dB compared to post-processing methods.
    • Real-time, jump-free phase unwrapping was successfully demonstrated.

    Conclusions:

    • BOCD-VT offers a significant advancement in Φ-OTDR phase unwrapping.
    • The algorithm provides high-quality vibration signals with improved SNR.
    • This method enables efficient and accurate real-time vibration monitoring in deployed fiber optic networks.