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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Electronic Tongue Generating Continuous Recognition Patterns for Protein Analysis

Electronic Tongue Generating Continuous Recognition Patterns for Protein Analysis

Published on: September 16, 2014

Unusually broad-spectrum small-molecule sensing using a single protein scaffold.

Hao Tian¹, Jesús Beltrán¹, Wesley George¹

¹Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|December 15, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers repurposed abscisic acid (ABA) receptors to create novel small-molecule sensors. This innovative approach successfully generated 553 sensors for diverse compounds, including environmental pollutants.

Keywords:

PFAS biosensors chemical induced dimerization plant hormone receptors synthetic biology

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Area of Science:

Plant molecular biology and synthetic biology
Chemical sensing and biosensor development

Background:

Plant small-molecule sensing often relies on chemical-induced dimerization.
Abscisic acid (ABA) receptors amplify nM in vivo responses from µM interactions, suggesting potential as generic sensor scaffolds.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the feasibility of using ABA receptors as versatile scaffolds for designing novel small-molecule sensors.
To develop a pipeline for engineering ABA receptors into sensors for diverse chemical compounds.

Main Methods:

Screened mutant ABA receptors against a library of 2,726 drugs and other ligands.
Analyzed mutational patterns to identify ligand-specific binding pockets.
Developed a sensor design pipeline based on screening data.

Main Results:

Identified 553 ABA receptor-based sensors, detecting 6.6% of tested ligands.
Mutational analysis revealed strong selection for ligand-specific binding pockets.
Successfully engineered sensors for plant natural products, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).

Conclusions:

The ABA receptor system provides a robust platform for designing small-molecule sensors with broad chemical applicability.
Engineered ABA sensors exhibit antibody-like simplicity and high specificity.
This approach enables the development of sensors for previously challenging targets, including environmental contaminants.