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Related Concept Videos

Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention

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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II01:18

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The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
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When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
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Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I01:25

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A model is a theoretical way to understand a concept or an idea. Models can overcome barriers to health regardless of diverse economic and cultural backgrounds. In addition, models make the task easier by providing different ways to approach complex issues. There are two major health promotion models: the health belief model and the health promotion model.
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Maternal Chronic Disease Prevention in Rural America: A Life Course Perspective.

Kobi V Ajayi1, Emesomhi Eboreime1, Alva Ferdinand1

  • 1Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.

Journal of Primary Care & Community Health
|December 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rural American women experience higher maternal mortality due to chronic diseases. A life course approach is needed to address structural barriers and improve maternal health outcomes.

Keywords:
access to carecardiovascular diseasedisease managementhealth promotionmaternal healthrural health

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Area of Science:

  • Maternal Health
  • Public Health
  • Health Disparities

Background:

  • Rural women face disproportionately high maternal mortality and morbidity rates compared to urban populations.
  • Chronic disease conditions like gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, cardiomyopathy, and mental health disorders significantly burden rural maternal health.
  • Existing health disparities are rooted in systemic and structural determinants of health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the maternal health landscape in rural America.
  • To identify structural barriers impacting chronic disease management for rural women.
  • To propose recommendations for centering chronic disease management through a life course approach.

Main Methods:

  • This is a commentary, not an empirical study.
  • Analysis of existing literature and data on rural maternal health and chronic disease.
  • Development of recommendations based on a life course perspective.

Main Results:

  • Structural barriers and social determinants of health create significant challenges for chronic disease management in rural settings.
  • Rural women experience higher rates of chronic conditions that complicate pregnancy and postpartum care.
  • A life course approach is essential for understanding and addressing the multifaceted nature of these health issues.

Conclusions:

  • Systemic and structural factors perpetuate maternal health disparities in rural America.
  • A comprehensive, system-level approach involving primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention is crucial.
  • Implementing a life course perspective can guide efforts to improve maternal health outcomes for rural women.