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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

717
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
717

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Development of an Uncomplicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Model Modified by Weight-Drop Method and Evidenced by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
08:27

Development of an Uncomplicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Model Modified by Weight-Drop Method and Evidenced by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: April 11, 2025

874

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Children: A Retrospective

Jimena M Astigarraga Baez1, Maria E Garcia Gonzalez2, Laura E Acevedo Ugarriza3

  • 1Pediatric Neurology, Universidad Catolica Nuestra Señora de la Asuncion, Asuncion, PRY.

Cureus
|December 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can develop after pediatric traumatic brain injury. This study found no acute symptoms predict secondary ADHD (S-ADHD), emphasizing prolonged clinical monitoring for diagnosis.

Keywords:
adhdadolescentsattention deficit/hyperactivity disorderchildrenpediatrictraumatic brain injury

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Traumatology

Background:

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children can present with symptoms overlapping ADHD.
  • Early identification of secondary ADHD (S-ADHD) post-TBI is challenging.
  • Understanding risk factors for S-ADHD is crucial for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate demographic and acute clinical features associated with S-ADHD development after mild pediatric TBI.
  • To determine if specific acute symptoms predict the later onset of ADHD following TBI.
  • To highlight the need for extended clinical observation in pediatric TBI patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 86 pediatric patients diagnosed with mild TBI.
  • Patients were categorized into S-ADHD (n=10) and non-ADHD (n=76) groups based on neurologist diagnosis.
  • Demographics and acute clinical variables were compared using statistical tests (Wilcoxon rank-sum, Fisher's exact).

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in age, sex, or acute symptoms (loss of consciousness, confusion, amnesia) between S-ADHD and non-ADHD groups.
  • Children diagnosed with S-ADHD had a significantly longer follow-up duration (median 536 vs. 132 days, p < 0.001).
  • This suggests S-ADHD may manifest over extended periods post-injury.

Conclusions:

  • No acute clinical features reliably predicted the development of S-ADHD following mild pediatric TBI in this cohort.
  • Prolonged clinical monitoring is essential for identifying S-ADHD, which may emerge later than initially expected.
  • Larger studies are needed to identify early indicators for S-ADHD development after pediatric TBI.