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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

In Situ Hybridization Techniques for Paraffin-Embedded Adult Coral Samples
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Vertebrate biodiversity via eDNA at the air-water interface.

Yin Cheong Aden Ip1, Pedro F P Brandão-Dias1, Gledis Guri1

  • 1School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Iscience
|May 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding reveals genetic material transfer between aquatic and aerial environments. This method offers a unified approach for monitoring vertebrate biodiversity across land-water interfaces.

Keywords:
Biological sciencesEnvironmental scienceNucleic acidsZoology

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
  • Environmental Science
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Habitats like aquatic, aerial, and terrestrial are interconnected, facilitating genetic material transport.
  • Understanding cross-habitat genetic exchange is crucial for comprehensive biodiversity assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate genetic material exchange between water and air using environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding.
  • To establish a framework for holistic vertebrate biodiversity monitoring at the land-water interface.

Main Methods:

  • Collected paired air and water samples from urban-wildland interface sites.
  • Utilized passive air sampling and active water filtering techniques.
  • Applied eDNA metabarcoding to identify vertebrate taxa across different media.

Main Results:

  • Detected 35 vertebrate taxa, with 40% found in both air and water samples.
  • Cross-medium detection probability correlates with DNA abundance, with thresholds identified for water and air.
  • Temporal trends in salmon eDNA in water and air aligned within 24 hours, validating air sampling.

Conclusions:

  • Passive air sampling can reflect temporal abundance trends of aquatic species.
  • Reliable detection of low-abundance taxa requires intensified sampling in their primary habitat.
  • This study provides a unified framework for vertebrate biodiversity monitoring at land-water interfaces, aiding conservation and surveillance.