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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Published on: September 30, 2021

Response evaluation to systemic therapy in HCC: Current challenges and future perspectives.

Mario Matute-González¹, Maxime Ronot^2,3, Victoria Chernyak⁴

¹BCLC Group, Department of Radiology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)

|December 16, 2025

Summary

Radiological assessment of treatment response in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is complex due to cirrhosis. Current criteria like RECIST 1.1 and mRECIST have limitations, necessitating advanced techniques for accurate evaluation.

Keywords:

RECIST artificial intelligence immunotherapy liver cancer radiology radiomics surrogate endpoints

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Mass Cytometry Analysis of Systemic and Local Immune Responses in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Mass Cytometry Analysis of Systemic and Local Immune Responses in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Published on: April 25, 2025

Area of Science:

Oncology
Radiology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Radiological assessment is vital for predicting treatment efficacy and survival in oncology.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents unique challenges for radiological evaluation due to cirrhosis-related phenomena.
New systemic therapies for HCC complicate response assessment, questioning the validity of existing criteria.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically review tumor response evaluation to systemic therapy in HCC.
To highlight limitations of current response criteria (RECIST 1.1, mRECIST) in HCC.
To explore emerging radiological assessment approaches and future directions in precision oncology.

Main Methods:

Review of established treatment response criteria (RECIST 1.1, mRECIST).
Analysis of challenges in radiological evaluation for HCC clinical trials and practice.
Investigation of novel approaches like immunotherapy-based downstaging and conversion therapy.
Discussion of advanced imaging techniques (3D imaging, AI, radiomics).

Main Results:

RECIST 1.1 and mRECIST have limitations in evaluating HCC treatment response.
Cirrhosis and novel therapies complicate radiological assessment.
Emerging techniques show promise for refining treatment evaluation.

Conclusions:

Accurate radiological assessment of HCC treatment response is challenging but crucial.
Advanced imaging and AI hold potential for personalized treatment evaluation in HCC.
Further research is needed to validate new criteria and techniques for HCC.