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Fabricating Cotton Analytical Devices

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Colorimetric sensor based on cotton thread for the quantification of ascorbic acid using Prussian blue and digital

Josiane Lopes de Oliveira¹, Davi Pinheiro Coelho¹, Willian Toito Suarez¹

¹Federal University of Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil.

Analytical Methods : Advancing Methods and Applications

|December 16, 2025

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This study introduces a novel cotton thread sensor and smartphone method for quantifying L-ascorbic acid (L-AA). The cost-effective, green approach offers precise and accurate results for complex samples.

Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Biosensors
Materials Science

Background:

Accurate quantification of L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) is crucial in various fields.
Existing methods can be time-consuming, expensive, or require specialized equipment.
Development of rapid, portable, and cost-effective analytical tools is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an innovative cotton thread-based colorimetric sensor for L-AA quantification.
To integrate the sensor with a smartphone digital image-based (DIB) method for enhanced usability.
To validate the method's performance and green metrics.

Main Methods:

Design and optimization of a microfluidic cotton thread-based analytical device (µTAD).
Utilizing a redox reaction between Prussian Blue (PB) and L-AA for colorimetric detection.

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Employing a central composite design for experimental condition optimization.

Smartphone-based digital image analysis for quantification.

Main Results:

The µTAD demonstrated a low sample consumption (30 µL).
Achieved a wide linear range (1.0–4.6 mg L^-1) with high linearity (R² = 0.993).
Obtained a low limit of detection (0.18 mg L^-1) and high recovery rates (87.2%–106%) in complex samples.
The method showed no significant difference compared to iodometric titration.
Demonstrated high precision (<3.5%) and accuracy (<6.5%).

Conclusions:

The developed cotton thread sensor and DIB method provide a fast (10–25 min), cost-effective (USD 0.10/device), and reliable approach for L-AA quantification.
The method exhibits excellent analytical performance and is suitable for analyzing complex matrices like fruit pulps.
The approach aligns with green chemistry principles, achieving a high AGREE calculator score (85%).