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Conformable Wearable Electrodes: From Fabrication to Electrophysiological Assessment

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Thermo-Responsive Self-Recoverable Porous Sensors with Writable Electrodes: Advancing Wearable Motion Detection.

Ying Gao^1,2, Xingyi Dai³, Yuanyuan Zhang²

¹School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Disaster Prevention and Emergency Technologies for Urban Lifeline Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, P. R. China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

|December 16, 2025

Summary

This study introduces a self-recoverable, flexible porous sensor for advanced human motion detection and health monitoring. The novel wearable sensor offers shape-editability and dual sensing modes for improved reliability and adaptability.

Keywords:

Dual‐modes Human motion detection Self‐recovering Shape memory polymer Shape‐editability

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Wearable Technology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Flexible and wearable sensors are crucial for human motion detection and health monitoring.
Current challenges include achieving self-recovery, shape-editability, and multi-mode sensing for long-term use.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a self-recoverable, flexible porous sensor with designable electrodes for comprehensive motion detection.
To enhance sensor adaptability, reliability, and sustainability for advanced wearable applications.

Main Methods:

Utilized shape memory polymer (SMP) for porous electrode fabrication, providing self-recoverability and flexibility.
Incorporated dual triboelectric and piezoresistive sensing modes for versatile detection.
Employed writable vapor phase polymerization for shape-editability of electrodes.

Main Results:

The developed sensor exhibits excellent self-recoverability, structural robustness, and high flexibility.
Dual sensing modes enable versatile detection of various body movements and patterns.
Shape-editability ensures adaptability to diverse body shapes and complex movements.

Conclusions:

The novel sensor demonstrates significant potential for applications in smart insoles, joint monitoring bands, and intelligent gloves.
This work presents a promising strategy for creating advanced, sustainable, and reliable wearable sensors.
The sensor facilitates plantar pressure monitoring, joint motion tracking, tactile sensing, and information interaction.