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Firearm Violence and Health in Policymaker Discourse: Mixed Methods Social Media Analysis.

Vivek A Ashok1,2,3,4, William J K Vervilles5, Katherine S Kellom2,6

  • 1Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 42229-3026, United States, 1 513-636-7106.

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|December 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pennsylvania legislators largely discussed mass shootings on social media, rarely mentioning firearm suicide or specific prevention policies. Health frames were infrequent, focusing on consequences over prevention strategies.

Keywords:
communicationfirearmshealth policypreventionsocial mediaviolence

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Political Science
  • Communication Studies

Background:

  • Firearm violence is a leading cause of death for US children and adolescents.
  • Political polarization impacts discussions on firearm violence causes and solutions.
  • Social media communication by elected officials shapes public opinion and policy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Examine how Pennsylvania state legislators discuss firearms and firearm violence on social media.
  • Assess alignment of legislative social media messaging with public health perspectives.

Main Methods:

  • Mixed methods analysis of X (formerly Twitter) posts by Pennsylvania legislators (May 2017-July 2022).
  • Identified 4573 posts, randomly sampled 1491 original posts from 152 legislators.
  • Coded posts for rhetorical framing, causal blame, and policy content using the Multiple Streams Framework.

Main Results:

  • Mass shootings were the most discussed topic; firearm suicide was rarely mentioned.
  • Advocacy frames increased policy mentions, while mass shooting frames decreased them.
  • Posts blaming firearm access were linked to specific policy proposals; health frames were rare and focused on consequences.

Conclusions:

  • Pennsylvania legislators' social media discussions on firearms often lack specific policy proposals and health-focused prevention strategies.
  • Findings suggest a need for health-informed messaging to support actionable firearm violence prevention policies.
  • Opportunities exist to enhance policy discussions by focusing on prevention and specific causal factors.