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Machine learning for precision medicine: promoting value considerations through perspective-taking hypothetical group

Tehmi E den Braven1, Ariadne A Nichol1, Matthew D Kearney2

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Summary

A brief group exercise using perspective-taking, particularly the "imagine-self" framing, effectively increased artificial intelligence (AI) developers' awareness of their work's societal and ethical impacts on diverse stakeholders.

Keywords:
DevelopersEthicsMachine learningPrecision medicineResponsibility

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Area of Science:

  • Artificial Intelligence Ethics
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Societal Impact of Technology

Background:

  • Public concerns regarding artificial intelligence (AI) consequences persist despite regulatory and ethical efforts.
  • Grounding ethical awareness in AI development practice requires fostering consideration of stakeholder welfare.
  • Existing approaches have not fully resolved the social and ethical challenges posed by AI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the impact of a group design exercise on AI developers' consideration of their work's effects on others.
  • To evaluate perspective-taking, specifically the "imagine-self" framing, as a tool to enhance ethical reflection in AI design.
  • To investigate how different AI development contexts influence developers' ethical considerations.

Main Methods:

  • A group design exercise involving hypothetical AI research and clinical tool development scenarios.
  • Utilized an "imagine-self" framing to prompt developers to consider their feelings and actions in specific situations.
  • Compared shifts in design considerations from methodological/data concerns to broader social and ethical issues.

Main Results:

  • Hypothetical scenarios prompted varied perspectives among AI developers.
  • The "imagine-self" framing led to increased consideration of patient perspectives in clinical AI tool development.
  • Developers demonstrated greater self-awareness regarding shifts in their ethical considerations and future practice.

Conclusions:

  • A concise group exercise can significantly enhance AI developers' awareness of impacts on multiple stakeholders.
  • Perspective-taking exercises, especially "imagine-self," can effectively integrate ethical reflection into the AI design process.
  • This intervention can inspire concrete plans for action to address ethical considerations in future AI work.