Clinical spectrum of neurocysticercosis: A hospital-based study

Neurocysticercosis (NCC), caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium, is the leading parasitic disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS), particularly in endemic regions like India. NCC often presents with diverse clinical manifestations, complicating diagnosis. Despite its significant burden, limited data exist on the disease's epidemiology in Jharkhand, an endemic area. This study aimed to evaluate the demographic, clinical, and radiological profiles of NCC and correlate them with serological findings.

This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, from September 2018 to August 2019. A total of 69 patients with radiological findings suggestive of NCC were included. Neuroimaging (CT/MRI) findings were categorized as definitive or probable NCC based on revised diagnostic criteria. Serum samples were analyzed using ELISA to detect Taenia solium IgG antibodies. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 20.0.

Out of 69 patients, 44 (63.8%) were ELISA positive. Males predominated (77.3%), with most cases in the 11-20 years age group (25.0%). Single lesions were more common (59.1%), with the parietal lobe being the most frequently affected site (50.0%). Seizures were reported in 97.7% of cases, with partial seizures with secondary generalization being the most common type (53.5%). Dietary habits revealed high raw vegetable consumption (95.5%) and non-vegetarian diets (79.5%). Definitive NCC was identified in 6.8% of cases, while 93.2% were classified as probable NCC.

This study highlights NCC as a significant health concern in Jharkhand, predominantly affecting males and presenting with seizures. The integration of serological testing, radiographic findings, and clinical data is essential for accurate diagnosis. This first-of-its-kind study emphasizes the need for larger community-based research to understand NCC's true impact in this region.