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RBA4SDS - Risk-benefit assessment for sustainable dietary shifts
, Martina Pavlić1, Géraldine Boué2
1Croatian Agency for Agriculture and Food Osijek Croatia.
EFSA Journal. European Food Safety Authority
|December 17, 2025
Summary
Sustainable diets balancing environmental impact and health are crucial. Food risk-benefit assessment (RBA) methods evaluate nutritional, microbiological, and toxicological impacts of dietary shifts, like replacing meat with insects or plant-based options.
Area of Science:
- Food Science and Technology
- Public Health Nutrition
- Environmental Sustainability
Background:
- Agri-food systems face ecological transitions, necessitating dietary changes to reduce environmental impact.
- Dietary shifts influence nutritional content and consumer exposure to microbiological and chemical hazards.
- Assessing health impacts is vital for developing safe, nutritious, and sustainable food alternatives.
Purpose of the Study:
- To train a fellow in analyzing health impacts of dietary transitions using food risk-benefit assessment (RBA).
- To evaluate nutritional, microbiological, and toxicological risks and benefits of sustainable dietary alternatives.
- To apply RBA methods to a practical case study involving meat substitution in Croatia, France, and Greece.
Main Methods:
- Utilized food risk-benefit assessment (RBA) integrating nutrition, toxicology, and microbiology.
- Defined and characterized sustainable dietary alternatives, including insect-based and plant-based options.
- Employed multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to rank sustainable food options.
Main Results:
- Identified key steps and data requirements for conducting RBA of dietary scenarios.
- Assessed health impacts of substituting meat with insect and plant-based alternatives (lentils, beans).
- Highlighted data gaps and proposed strategies for advancing RBA methodologies for sustainable diets.
Conclusions:
- RBA is a valuable tool for evaluating the overall health impact of sustainable dietary shifts.
- The project successfully trained a fellow in RBA application and identified critical data needs.
- Further development of RBA methodologies is essential for guiding safe and sustainable food choices.
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