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Related Concept Videos

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The resting membrane potential of a neuron (-70mV) is sustained due to the selective ion permeability of the membrane. At the resting potential, the membrane is slightly permeable to ions like sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) and highly permeable to potassium ions (K+). Differences in the ions' concentration inside the cell compared to the outside are maintained by membrane transport proteins like channels and pumps.
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A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
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The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
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In control systems, test signals are essential for evaluating performance under various conditions. The ramp function is effective for systems undergoing gradual changes, while the step function is suitable for assessing systems facing sudden disturbances. For systems subjected to shock inputs, the impulse function is the most appropriate test signal.
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An oscillating discontinuity is a type of discontinuity in which a function’s values fluctuate infinitely often as the input approaches a particular point. Unlike jump discontinuities, where the function suddenly shifts between two values, or infinite discontinuities, where the function diverges without bound, an oscillating discontinuity arises from rapid back-and-forth variation. Because the function never stabilizes toward a single value, no finite limit exists at that point.One of the...
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Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
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Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Contribution of the Na+/K+ Pump to Rhythmic Bursting, Explored with Modeling and Dynamic Clamp Analyses
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Single-Neuron Critical Intermittency in a Stochastic Hodgkin-Huxley Model.

Konstantinos Varvaras1, Fotios K Diakonos2, Efstratios K Kosmidis1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Physiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.

The European Journal of Neuroscience
|December 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neurons exhibit critical dynamics, a state near their spiking threshold. This self-organizing behavior, driven by ion channel interactions, is key to understanding neuronal function and brain criticality.

Keywords:
complex systemsion channelsmembrane potentialpower‐lawself‐organization

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Theoretical Physics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Brain criticality is a significant area of research for neuroscientists and physicists.
  • Recent experiments indicate critical dynamics even in isolated neurons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the origins of critical dynamics in neurons.
  • Model neuronal behavior using a stochastic Hodgkin-Huxley approach.
  • Understand the relationship between critical states, stimulation, and firing rates.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a stochastic type-I parametrization of the Hodgkin-Huxley model.
  • Analyzed the impact of external white noise on critical intermittency.
  • Examined the system's proximity to the spiking bifurcation point.

Main Results:

  • The model successfully replicates experimentally observed critical dynamics.
  • Criticality is closely linked to the system's proximity to the spiking bifurcation.
  • External noise can enhance but not induce criticality; proximity to the bifurcation is essential.
  • Neuronal membrane dynamics are proposed to arise from an almost critical state.

Conclusions:

  • Neuronal criticality emerges from the system's proximity to a spiking bifurcation.
  • The Hodgkin-Huxley model with stochastic parametrization effectively captures these dynamics.
  • Ion channel interactions within the neuronal membrane contribute to self-organization and critical behavior.