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Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
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Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
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In Situ Crosslinked Diallylammonium-Functionalized Poly(Biphenyl Alkylene) for High-Performance Anion Exchange

Jiyoon Jung1,2,3, Young Sang Park1,2,3, Mo Beom Koo1

  • 1Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seong Buk Gu, Hwarangno 14 gil-5, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|December 17, 2025
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Summary

New crosslinked anion exchange membranes (AEMs) overcome the conductivity-stability trade-off for anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs). These membranes show high ion conductivity and mechanical integrity, enabling efficient and durable AEMWE performance.

Keywords:
anion exchange membrane water electrolyzercrosslinked anion exchange membranefree‐radical cyclopolymerization

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • High ion exchange capacity (IEC) anion exchange membranes (AEMs) face a trade-off between ion conductivity and mechanical integrity.
  • This challenge hinders the practical application of anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE) technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel crosslinked AEMs (BP-cross-PDAA) with precisely tunable IEC.
  • To address the conductivity-mechanical integrity trade-off in AEMs for improved AEMWE performance.

Main Methods:

  • Free-radical cyclopolymerization of diallylammonium-functionalized poly(biphenyl alkylene).
  • Tuning IEC from 2.32 to 3.39 meq g⁻¹ by adjusting comonomer content.
  • Fabrication and testing of membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs) for AEMWE performance evaluation.

Main Results:

  • BP-cross-PDAA membranes exhibited high hydroxide conductivity (up to 152.4 mS cm⁻¹ at 80 °C) and excellent alkaline stability (98.7% retention over 350 h).
  • The optimized MEA-3.39 achieved a peak current density of 12.39 A cm⁻² at 2.0 V with a non-platinum group metal anode.
  • Exceptional durability was demonstrated with a voltage degradation rate of 1.2 µV h⁻¹ over 1,000 h at 1 A cm⁻².

Conclusions:

  • The developed crosslinked AEMs successfully overcome the intrinsic trade-off between ion conductivity and mechanical integrity.
  • The high-performance BP-cross-PDAA membranes are promising for efficient and durable AEMWE applications.