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Updated: Jan 8, 2026

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Gait joint moment sensitivity to potential errors in gestational segment inertial parameters.

Pegah Jamali1, Robert D Catena1

  • 1Maternal Orthopedics and Mechanics (MOM) Lab, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-1410, USA.

Journal of Biomechanics
|December 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Pregnancy causes body mass changes, but joint moment calculations in biomechanical models are not significantly affected by these variations. This supports using general anthropometric models during pregnancy for accurate gait analysis.

Keywords:
AnthropometryCenter of massInverse dynamicsMusculoskeletal modelPregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Movement Science
  • Pregnancy Research

Background:

  • Pregnancy involves significant intersegmental mass redistribution, challenging accurate biomechanical modeling.
  • Estimating segment mass parameters for inverse dynamics during pregnancy requires careful consideration of physiological changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the sensitivity of joint moment calculations to physiologically realistic variations in segment mass distributions during pregnancy.
  • To determine if altered anthropometric inputs affect hip and knee joint moments during gait.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal assessment of eleven pregnant participants at 10 and 38 weeks gestation.
  • Calculation of hip and knee joint moments using inverse dynamics.
  • Testing five segment mass distribution scenarios by altering torso, pelvis, thigh, and shank masses while maintaining constant total body mass.

Main Results:

  • Hip joint moments exhibited greater sensitivity to segmental mass changes than knee joint moments.
  • Variations in joint moments were more pronounced during the swing phase of gait in both early and late pregnancy.
  • Despite tested variations, sensitivity metrics remained relatively low, indicating minimal impact on joint moment calculations.

Conclusions:

  • Realistic variations in body mass distribution during pregnancy do not significantly alter gait joint moments.
  • The use of general anthropometric models at each gestational timepoint is supported for calculating joint moments in pregnant individuals.
  • Biomechanical models can reliably estimate joint moments during pregnancy despite anthropometric variability.