Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...

Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation

Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation

Irritable Bowel Syndrome II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is classified into subtypes based on the predominant bowel habits as determined by the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS). The subtypes are:

Feces Formation and Defecation

Feces Formation and Defecation

After spending 3 to 10 hours in the large intestine, chyme loses a lot of water and becomes feces, the final product of digestion. Feces consist of undigested dietary fiber such as cellulose, mucus, sloughed-off epithelial cells, and microbes. The descending and sigmoid colon stores feces and uses haustral contractions to dry it out but retains enough water to give it a semi-solid texture.
The mass peristalsis then pushes the feces into the rectum, which stretches the rectal walls to activate...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Hypertension and Postoperative Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Anesthesiology research and practice·2026

Same author

Measurement properties of the interest in health scale among community-dwelling older adults in Japan: Verification of the 12-item, 6-item, and 4-item versions of the interest in health scale.

Preventive medicine reports·2026

Same author

Pretreatment Tumor-infiltrating CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cell Numbers Are Associated With the Response to Tremelimumab Plus Durvalumab in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Anticancer research·2026

Same author

Balloon-occluded Alternative Infusion of Fragmented Gelatin Particles of TACE for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Refractory to Atezolizumab-Bevacizumab.

Anticancer research·2026

Same author

Mid-treatment MRI-based tumor volume reduction rate as a continuous prognostic factor after chemoradiation for cervical cancer: development and two-center internal-external validation.

Journal of radiation research·2026

Same author

Response to "Reconsidering 'photon-ineligible' status in concurrent chemo-proton therapy for stage III non-small cell lung cancer".

Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Comparative Analysis of Automatic Fecal Analyzer versus Direct Wet Smear Microscopy for Detecting Parasitic Infections in Stool Samples

Comparative Analysis of Automatic Fecal Analyzer versus Direct Wet Smear Microscopy for Detecting Parasitic Infections in Stool Samples

Published on: April 25, 2025

Validity of a Toilet Seat for Automated Classification of Stool Form Using Falling Stool Sensing.

Takako Takayama^1,2, Hideo Suzuki^2,3, Kazushi Maruo⁴

¹Tsukuba Preventive Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Japan.

Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan)

|December 17, 2025

Summary

A new toilet seat sensor accurately classifies stool form using the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS), offering moderate validity for daily health monitoring and early disease detection.

Keywords:

Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS)automatic stool classification machine learning toilet seat

More Related Videos

A Vibrotactile Feedback Device for Seated Balance Assessment and Training

A Vibrotactile Feedback Device for Seated Balance Assessment and Training

Published on: January 20, 2019

Design and Analysis for Fall Detection System Simplification

Design and Analysis for Fall Detection System Simplification

Published on: April 6, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

Comparative Analysis of Automatic Fecal Analyzer versus Direct Wet Smear Microscopy for Detecting Parasitic Infections in Stool Samples

Comparative Analysis of Automatic Fecal Analyzer versus Direct Wet Smear Microscopy for Detecting Parasitic Infections in Stool Samples

Published on: April 25, 2025

A Vibrotactile Feedback Device for Seated Balance Assessment and Training

A Vibrotactile Feedback Device for Seated Balance Assessment and Training

Published on: January 20, 2019

Design and Analysis for Fall Detection System Simplification

Design and Analysis for Fall Detection System Simplification

Published on: April 6, 2020

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Medical Devices
Health Technology

Background:

Accurate stool form assessment is crucial for health monitoring and disease detection.
Self-assessment of stool form is often unreliable, necessitating objective measurement tools.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the accuracy of a novel sensor-equipped toilet seat in classifying stool form based on the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS).
To compare automated stool classification with participant self-assessments.

Main Methods:

38 healthy Japanese participants provided stool samples analyzed by a prototype toilet seat sensor.
Participant self-assessments using the BSFS served as the reference standard.
Agreement was assessed using kappa coefficient and correlation using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.

Main Results:

The device demonstrated moderate validity with a kappa coefficient of 0.55 (95% CI 0.45-0.65) and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient of 0.56 (95% CI 0.48-0.63).
Fair to good agreement and moderate correlation were observed between the device and participant assessments.

Conclusions:

The sensor-equipped toilet seat shows potential for supporting daily healthcare and early disease detection through automated stool form classification.
The device offers a promising, albeit moderately valid, tool for objective stool assessment.